Please check our Instructions to Authors and send your manuscripts to nifs.journal@gmail.com. Next issue: September/October 2024.
Deadline for submissions: 16 November 2024.
Help:Formulas: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
On Ifigenia, the TeX formulas are rendered using a [http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html public mimeTeX web service], so the process may be a bit slower, about 1 second per 1 <code><math></code>-call. | On Ifigenia, the TeX formulas are rendered using a [http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html public mimeTeX web service], so the process may be a bit slower, about 1 second per 1 <code><math></code>-call. | ||
Rendered TeX formulas can be stored on the hard disk as <code>.gif</code> | Rendered TeX formulas can be stored on the hard disk as images in <code>.gif</code> format (default) or <code>.png</code> (optional). | ||
Here is a reference list for the various TeX commands in use. | Here is a reference list for the various TeX commands in use. | ||
Revision as of 18:45, 20 October 2008
| First steps | Page editing | Page management | Namespaces | Tools and settings |
| Starting a new page • Edit mode • Text formatting • Formulas • Tables • Images • Categories • Templates • References • Subpages | ||||
Formulas on a wiki like Ifigenia can be represented in three ways, depending on the formula complexity and tools used:
- Unicode characters - for simple formulas, of course :-)
- Images - for formulas of any complexity, created as an image file (preferably
.pngor.gif) and uploaded locally. - TeX code - for formulas of any complexity - from very simple to extremely sophisticated
Maybe, for the users of Ifigenia TeX-coded formulas may turn out to be the most natural ones. They allow relatively good integration with other TeX documents and they can be further saved as .gif images, for the sake of integration with Word documents.
Formulas in TeX
In the wiki websites, TeX-formulas are distinguished from the rest of the text by enclosing them with the tags <math> </math>. A handy way is to click the Math button 
and then write between the tags.
On Ifigenia, the TeX formulas are rendered using a public mimeTeX web service, so the process may be a bit slower, about 1 second per 1 <math>-call.
Rendered TeX formulas can be stored on the hard disk as images in .gif format (default) or .png (optional).
Here is a reference list for the various TeX commands in use.
Functions, symbols, special characters
Accents/Diacritics | |
|---|---|
\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}\,\! }[/math] |
\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}\,\! }[/math] |
Standard functions | |
\sin a \cos b \tan c
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \sin a \cos b \tan c\,\! }[/math] |
\sec d \csc e \cot f
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \sec d \csc e \cot f\,\! }[/math] |
\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j\,\! }[/math] |
\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n\,\! }[/math] |
\operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\operatorname{th}\,q
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\operatorname{th}\,q\,\! }[/math] |
\operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t\,\! }[/math] |
\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y\,\! }[/math] |
\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g\,\! }[/math] |
\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n\,\! }[/math] |
Modular arithmetic | |
s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}\,\! }[/math] |
a\,\bmod\,b
|
[math]\displaystyle{ a\,\bmod\,b\,\! }[/math] |
Derivatives | |
\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2} }[/math] |
Sets | |
\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing\,\! }[/math] |
\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq\,\! }[/math] |
\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus\,\! }[/math] |
\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup\,\! }[/math] |
Operators | |
+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -
|
[math]\displaystyle{ + \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp - \,\! }[/math] |
\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot\,\! }[/math] |
\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \star * / \div \frac{1}{2}\,\! }[/math] |
Logic | |
\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p\,\! }[/math] |
\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And\,\! }[/math] |
Root | |
\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}\,\! }[/math] |
Relations | |
\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\,\! }[/math] |
\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \le \lt \ll \gg \ge \gt \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto\,\! }[/math] |
Geometric | |
\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Diamond \, \Box \, \triangle \, \angle \perp \, \mid \; \nmid \, \| 45^\circ\,\! }[/math] |
Arrows | |
\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \not\to \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \,\! }[/math] |
\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \,\! }[/math] |
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow \,\! }[/math] |
\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,\! }[/math] |
\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,\! }[/math] |
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,\! }[/math] |
\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \,\! }[/math] |
Special | |
\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots\,\! }[/math] |
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top\,\! }[/math] |
\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar\,\! }[/math] |
\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement\,\! }[/math] |
\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp\,\! }[/math] |
Unsorted (new stuff) | |
\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown }[/math] |
\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge }[/math] |
\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes }[/math] |
\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant }[/math] |
\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq }[/math] |
\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft }[/math] |
\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot }[/math] |
\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq }[/math] |
\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork }[/math] |
\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq }[/math] |
\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid }[/math] |
\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr }[/math] |
\subsetneq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \subsetneq }[/math] |
\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq }[/math] |
\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq }[/math] |
\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq }[/math] |
\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus\,\! }[/math] |
\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq\,\! }[/math] |
\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel\,\! }[/math] |
\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner }[/math] |
Subscripts, superscripts, integrals
| Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HTML | PNG | ||
| Superscript | a^2 |
[math]\displaystyle{ a^2 }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ a^2 \,\! }[/math] |
| Subscript | a_2 |
[math]\displaystyle{ a_2 }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ a_2 \,\! }[/math] |
| Grouping | a^{2+2} |
[math]\displaystyle{ a^{2+2} }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ a^{2+2}\,\! }[/math] |
a_{i,j} |
[math]\displaystyle{ a_{i,j} }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ a_{i,j}\,\! }[/math] | |
| Combining sub & super | x_2^3 |
[math]\displaystyle{ x_2^3 }[/math] | |
| Super super | 10^{10^{ \,\!{8} } |
[math]\displaystyle{ 10^{10^{ \,\! 8 } } }[/math] | |
| Super super | 10^{10^{ \overset{8}{} }} |
[math]\displaystyle{ 10^{10^{ \overset{8}{} }} }[/math] | |
| Super super (wrong in HTML in some browsers) | 10^{10^8} |
[math]\displaystyle{ 10^{10^8} }[/math] | |
| Preceding and/or Additional sub & super | \sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b |
[math]\displaystyle{ \sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b }[/math] | |
{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4 |
[math]\displaystyle{ {}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4 }[/math] | ||
| Stacking | \overset{\alpha}{\omega} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \overset{\alpha}{\omega} }[/math] | |
\underset{\alpha}{\omega} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \underset{\alpha}{\omega} }[/math] | ||
\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}} }[/math] | ||
\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \stackrel{\alpha}{\omega} }[/math] | ||
| Derivative (forced PNG) | x', y'', f', f''\! |
[math]\displaystyle{ x', y'', f', f''\! }[/math] | |
| Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML) | x', y'', f', f'' |
[math]\displaystyle{ x', y'', f', f'' }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ x', y'', f', f''\! }[/math] |
| Derivative (wrong in HTML) | x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime} |
[math]\displaystyle{ x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime} }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}\,\! }[/math] |
| Derivative (wrong in PNG) | x\prime, y\prime\prime |
[math]\displaystyle{ x\prime, y\prime\prime }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ x\prime, y\prime\prime\,\! }[/math] |
| Derivative dots | \dot{x}, \ddot{x} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \dot{x}, \ddot{x} }[/math] | |
| Underlines, overlines, vectors | \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c |
[math]\displaystyle{ \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c }[/math] | |
\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f} }[/math] | ||
\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l} }[/math] | ||
| Arrows | A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C |
[math]\displaystyle{ A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C }[/math] | |
| Overbraces | \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050} }[/math] | |
| Underbraces | \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26} |
[math]\displaystyle{ \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26} }[/math] | |
| Sum | \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
[math]\displaystyle{ \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 }[/math] | |
Sum (force \textstyle) |
\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
[math]\displaystyle{ \textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 }[/math] | |
| Product | \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
[math]\displaystyle{ \prod_{i=1}^N x_i }[/math] | |
Product (force \textstyle) |
\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
[math]\displaystyle{ \textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i }[/math] | |
| Coproduct | \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
[math]\displaystyle{ \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i }[/math] | |
Coproduct (force \textstyle) |
\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
[math]\displaystyle{ \textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i }[/math] | |
| Limit | \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
[math]\displaystyle{ \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n }[/math] | |
Limit (force \textstyle) |
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
[math]\displaystyle{ \textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n }[/math] | |
| Integral | \int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx |
[math]\displaystyle{ \int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx }[/math] | |
| Integral (alternate limits style) | \int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx |
[math]\displaystyle{ \int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx }[/math] | |
Integral (force \textstyle) |
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
[math]\displaystyle{ \textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx }[/math] | |
Integral (force \textstyle, alternate limits style) |
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
[math]\displaystyle{ \textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx }[/math] | |
| Double integral | \iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy |
[math]\displaystyle{ \iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy }[/math] | |
| Triple integral | \iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz |
[math]\displaystyle{ \iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz }[/math] | |
| Quadruple integral | \iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt |
[math]\displaystyle{ \iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt }[/math] | |
| Line or path integral | \int_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
[math]\displaystyle{ \int_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy }[/math] | |
| Closed line or path integral | \oint_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
[math]\displaystyle{ \oint_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy }[/math] | |
| Intersections | \bigcap_1^n p |
[math]\displaystyle{ \bigcap_1^n p }[/math] | |
| Unions | \bigcup_1^k p |
[math]\displaystyle{ \bigcup_1^k p }[/math] | |
Alphabets and typefaces
| Greek alphabet | |
|---|---|
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \,\! }[/math] |
\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \,\! }[/math] |
\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau\,\! }[/math] |
\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega \,\! }[/math] |
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \,\! }[/math] |
\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \,\! }[/math] |
\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau \,\! }[/math] |
\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega \,\! }[/math] |
\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa \,\! }[/math] |
\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi\,\! }[/math] |
| Blackboard Bold/Scripts | |
\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}\,\! }[/math] |
| boldface (vectors) | |
\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}\,\! }[/math] |
| Boldface (greek) | |
\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta} \,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}\,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}\,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}\,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}\,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}\,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}\,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}\,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa} \,\! }[/math] |
\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}\,\! }[/math] |
| Italics | |
\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}\,\! }[/math] |
| Roman typeface | |
\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}\,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}\,\! }[/math] |
| Fraktur typeface | |
\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}\,\! }[/math] |
| Calligraphy/Script | |
\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T} \,\! }[/math] |
\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}\,\! }[/math] |
| Hebrew | |
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth
|
[math]\displaystyle{ \aleph \beth \gimel \daleth\,\! }[/math] |
| Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered | |
|---|---|---|---|
| non-italicised characters | \mbox{abc} | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{abc} }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{abc} \,\! }[/math] |
| mixed italics (bad) | \mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} \,\! }[/math] |
| mixed italics (good) | \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \,\! }[/math] |
| mixed italics (more legible: ~ is a non-breaking space, while "\ " forces a space) | \mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even} | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even} }[/math] | [math]\displaystyle{ \mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even} \,\! }[/math] |
Alternatives
Formulas in simple text
These can be produced with:
- the keyboard symbols,
- the symbols from the virtual keyboard (available by clicking on the
button in edit mode) - any other Unicode symbols
- formatting commands like
<sub> </sub>(subscript),<sup> </sup>(superscript),'' ''(italic)
The major drawback is that in this way only one-line simple formulas can be produced; multiline formula, fractions, matrices, etc cannot be created using simple text. However, it can prove handy for really small formula or variables/constants/functions definitions, and for people who do not master TeX.
- Examples
| Source code (in edit mode) | Result (in read mode) |
|---|---|
x<sup>2</sup> + y<sup>2</sup> = z<sup>2</sup> |
x2 + y2 = z2 |
''π<sub>A</sub>(x) = 1 - (μ<sub>A</sub>(x) + ν<sub>A</sub>(x))'' |
πA(x) = 1 - (μA(x) + νA(x)) |
A = ∑<sub>i=1</sub><sup>n</sup> a<sub>i</sub> |
A = ∑i=1n ai |
Formulas in uploaded images
- You may first want to read Help:Upload and Help:Images and files.
The major drawbacks of this approach are:
- Images are difficult to edit, and need external graphic editor for this sake.
- Images may scale down, but may not scale up well (unless in vector graphic format).
- Images files may be unnecessary large.
- Files can only be uploaded by registered users.
See also
- Help:Formulas in MS Word
- Help:Displaying a formula on Meta-Wikipedia
- Manual of Style (mathematics) on English Wikipedia
- Help:Contents for other help pages