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'''Intuitionistic fuzzy sets''' are sets whose elements have degrees of [[membership]] and [[non-membership]]. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets have been introduced by [[Krassimir Atanassov]] (1983) as an extension of [[Lotfi Zadeh]]'s notion of [[fuzzy set]], which itself extends the classical notion of a set. 
* In [[classical set theory]], the membership of elements in a set is assessed in binary terms according to a bivalent condition — an element either belongs or does not belong to the set. 
* As an extension, [[fuzzy set theory]] permits the gradual assessment of the membership of elements in a set; this is described with the aid of a membership function valued in the real unit interval [0, 1].
* The [[theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets]] further extends both concepts by allowing the assessment of the elements by two functions: <math>\mu</math> for membership and <math>\nu</math> for non-membership, which belong to the real unit interval [0, 1] and whose sum belongs to the same interval, as well.

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets generalize fuzzy sets, since the indicator functions of fuzzy sets are special cases of the membership and non-membership functions <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, in the case when the strict equality exists: <math>\nu = 1 - \mu</math>, i.e. the non-membership function fully complements the membership function to 1, not leaving room for any uncertainty.

== Formal definition ==
Let us have a fixed universe '''''E'''''. Let '''''A''''' be a subset of '''''E'''''. Let us construct the set 
<div align="center"><math>A^* = \lbrace \langle x, \mu_A(x), \nu_A(x) \rangle \ | \ x \in E \rbrace</math></div> 
where <math>0 \leq \mu_A(x) + \nu_A(x) \leq 1</math>. We will call the set '''''A*''''' '''intuitionistic fuzzy set''' (IFS). 

In the publications on IFS authors mainly deal with the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set '''''A*''''' rather then with fixed set '''''A'''''. This is why, for the sake of simplicity, major publications presenting the very definition of the concept often use notation '''''A''''' instead of '''''A*'''''.<ref>Paper [[Issue:Intuitionistic fuzzy sets|"Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets"]], Krassimir T. Atanassov, [[Fuzzy Sets and Systems]], North-Holland, Volume 20 (1986), pages 87-96, ISSN 0165-0114</ref><ref>Book [[Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets: Theory and Applications|"Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets"]], Krassimir T. Atanassov, Series "Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing", Volume 35, Springer Physica-Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-7908-1228-5</ref> Mathematically, a more precise definition of the IFS is the following:
<div align="center"><math>A^* = \lbrace \langle x, \mu_A(x), \nu_A(x) \rangle \ | \ x \in E \ \& \ 0 \leq \mu_A(x) + \nu_A(x) \leq 1 \rbrace</math></div> 
but it is also more complex one and never used, as of 2008.<ref>"25 years intuitionistic fuzzy sets, or: The most significant results and mistakes of mine", Krassimir Atanassov, [[International Workshop on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Generalized Nets/2008|Int. Workshop on IFS and GN]], 17 Oct. 2008 ([[Media:7IWIFSGN-Atanassov.pdf|presentation]], publication in press)</ref>

Functions <math>\mu_A: E \to [0,1]</math> and <math>\nu_A: E \to [0,1]</math> represent degree of [[membership]] (validity, etc.) and  [[non-membership]] (non-validity, etc.). Also defined is function <math>\pi_A: E \to [0,1]</math> through <math>\pi(x) = 1 - \mu (x) - \nu (x)</math>, corresponding to the degree of [[uncertainty|uncertainty (indeterminacy, etc.)]]

Obviously, for every ordinary [[fuzzy set]] <math>A</math>: <math>\pi_A(x) = 0</math> for each <math>x \in E</math> and these sets have the form <math>\lbrace \langle  x, \mu_{A}(x), 1-\mu_{A}(x)\rangle  |x \in E \rbrace.</math>

== Properties of IFS ==
== Operations, relations, operators ==
For every two intuitionistic fuzzy sets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> various [[Relations over intuitionistic fuzzy sets|relations]] and [[Operations over intuitionistic fuzzy sets|operations]] have been defined, most important of which are:

* Inclusion: <math> A \subset B \ \ \ \text{iff} \ \ \ (\forall x \in E)(\mu_A(x) \le \mu_B(x) \ \& \ \nu_A(x) \ge \nu_B(x)) </math> , <math> A \supset B \ \ \ \text{iff} \ \ \ B \subset A </math>

* Equality: <math>A = B \ \ \ \text{iff}\ \ \ (\forall x \in E)(\mu_A(x) = \mu_B(x) \ \& \ \nu_A(x) = \nu_B(x)) </math>

* Classical negation: <math>\overline{A} = \lbrace \langle x, \nu_A(x), \mu_A(x) \rangle \ | \ x \in E \rbrace</math>

* Conjuncion: <math>A \cap B = \lbrace \langle x, \min(\mu_A(x), \mu_B(x)), \max(\nu_A(x), \nu_B(X)) \rangle \ | \ x \in E \rbrace</math>

* Disjunction: <math>A \cup B = \lbrace \langle x, \max(\mu_A(x), \mu_B(x)), \min(\nu_A(x), \nu_B(X)) \rangle \ | \ x \in E \rbrace</math>

These operations and relations are defined similarly to these from the fuzzy set theory. More interesting are the modal [[Operators over intuitionistic fuzzy sets|operators that can be defined over intuitionistic fuzzy sets]]. These have no analogue in fuzzy set theory.

== Geometrical interpretations ==

== Relations with other concepts ==

== Applications of IFS ==

== History of IFS ==

== See also ==
* For the paper from 1986, see [[Issue:Intuitionistic fuzzy sets|Intuitionistic fuzzy sets]]
* For the book from 1999, see [[Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets: Theory and Applications]]

== References ==
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[[Category:Intuitionistic fuzzy sets]]
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